Disasters and environmental crises

UNDRR defines a disaster as a serious disruption of the functioning of a community, arising when a hazard interacts with people’s exposure, vulnerability and capacity. A natural event alone does not make a disaster; who it hits, and how prepared they are, does.

Environmental crises — droughts, heatwaves, water scarcity — often unfold slowly, yet through prolonged uncertainty, lost livelihoods and displacement they create a similar psychosocial burden.

Most people affected by a disaster recover over time. The aim of psychosocial support is to protect and strengthen this natural recovery and to notice in time those who need more help.

• Trouble falling asleep, waking often, nightmares
• Startling at sudden noises, feeling constantly on guard
• Going over the event again and again — or not wanting to think about it at all
• Restlessness, anger, crying spells, emotional numbness
• Difficulty concentrating, forgetfulness
• Headaches, stomach problems, muscle tension, fatigue
• Guilt, shame or “why did I survive” thoughts

These are normal reactions to an abnormal event. For most people they ease noticeably within a few weeks, with safety, routine and social support.

• Safety first: until the danger has passed, follow official guidance (Civil Defence, 112).
• Reconnect with your loved ones; tell them where you are and find out how they are.
• Try to bring back sleep, meals and daily routine, even in small steps.
• Limit news and social media; get information from official sources.
• Share your feelings with someone you trust — but do not force yourself or others to talk.
• Helping others is good for you — while respecting your own limits.
• Avoid alcohol and stimulants; they bring short-term relief but slow recovery.

• Reactions last longer than four weeks or keep getting worse
• Daily tasks — work, school, caring for children — have become impossible
• Use of alcohol, medication or other substances has increased
• The person is completely withdrawing and not talking to anyone
• There are thoughts of harming oneself or others — in this case, without waiting